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TR34 4th Edition (DM)

TR34 (4th Edition) is a comprehensive standard for assessing floor flatness and levelness in both Free Movement (FM) and Defined Movement (DM) applications. For DM floors, typically found in Very Narrow Aisle (VNA) warehouses, the standard defines specific requirements based on fixed vehicle paths. In this case, measurements are taken along the actual wheel tracks, and flatness is evaluated using parameters such as transverse and longitudinal elevation differences and their rates of change. These criteria are intended to ensure safe and stable operation of material handling equipment at elevated rack heights.

1. Classification

The recommended flatness classification follows Table 3.2 of the TR34 (4th Edition) defines flatness requirements for Very Narrow Aisle (VNA) warehouse floors. The choice of flatness classification depends on the top beam height of the racking system.

Table 3.2 specifies allowable limits for the relevant flatness parameters according to defined movement categories.

Floor classification
Racking top beam height
Property ZSLOPE
Property dZ
Property d²Z
Property dX
Property d²X

Calculations

-

mm per m

Z x ZSlopemm per m

dZ x 0.75

Fixed values 2 x ZSLOPE x 1.1

Fixed values

DM1

Over 13m

1.3

Z x 1.3

Z x 1.0

2.9

1.5

DM2

8-13m

2

Z x 2.0

Z x 1.5

4.4

2

DM3

Up to 8m

2.5

Z x 2.5

Z x 1.9

5.5

2.5

2. Survey Procedure

a)     Levelness (Property E)

For Very Narrow Aisle (VNA) floors, wheel traces are clearly defined along each aisle. Measurement runs are performed according to the reach truck wheel configuration:

  • 3-wheel trucks: Three runs are measured (right, middle, left wheels).
  • 4-wheel trucks: Two runs are measured (right and left wheels).

 

All runs must be perfectly parallel, starting and ending at the exact same reference lines, to ensure accurate collection of transversal elevation values. After each aisle survey, data are automatically downloaded to the smartphone connected to the Dipstick, allowing continuous measurement of subsequent aisles. Upon completion of all aisles, the full dataset is transferred to a laptop or PC for calculation, analysis, and reporting of flatness and levelness results.

3. Calculations

a)     Levelness (Property E)

TR34 (4th Edition) VNA Flatness Standards

Under the TR34 (4th Edition), Very Narrow Aisle (VNA) installations are categorized into three flatness classes: DM1, DM2, and DM3. Compliance is determined by four specific properties defined in Table 3.2, with certain limits adjusted based on Material Handling Equipment (MHE) dimensions.

a)     Transverse Tolerances (dZ and d2Z)

These properties measure elevation differences across the aisle width, specifically between the two front load wheels of the MHE. The specified transversal limits for each classification change according to the distance between the front wheels (Z)

  • Value dZ: Defines the maximum elevation difference between the front load wheels. This limit is variable.
  • Value d2Z: Represents the transverse rate of change in elevation for every 300mm of travel.

b)    Longitudinal Tolerances (dX and d2X)

These properties measure elevation differences along the length of the aisle between the front and rear axles of the MHE. The specified longitudinal limits for each classification are fixed.

  • Value dX: Indicates the elevational difference between the front and rear axles.
  • Value d2X: Defines the longitudinal rate of change in elevational difference per 300mm of travel.

Explore more

TR34 4th Edition (FM)

sets strict tolerances along wheel tracks for guided warehouse operations for Defined Movement / VNA Warehouses

ASTM (F-Numbers)

defines FF/FL values to evaluate general warehouse floors where vehicles move freely in all directions

Importance of floor flatness

Why floor flatness can affect the operation's speed, safety, and cost..

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