Floor specifications are classified based on traffic patterns into two types: Free Movement (FM), where
vehicles travel in all directions, and Defined Movement (DM), where vehicles follow fixed paths. Each type requires distinct measurement and assessment methods.
Free traffic floors represent the vast majority of installations globally. Defined traffic is typically limited
to very-narrow-aisle warehouses with guided trucks and facilities using automated guided vehicles. Even in such facilities, free-traffic zones are usually present.
Following these standards ensures consistent quality, objective acceptance criteria, and reliable performance verification.
Free movement floor standards define how flatness and levelness are evaluated in warehouse areas where vehicles can travel in all directions without fixed paths. Standards such as ASTM E1155 and TR34 use classification systems (e.g., FF/FL or FM classes) based on statistical analysis of measured data collected across the floor surface.
The measurement process involves systematic data collection and calculation across multiple points, resulting in clear classifications that define the floor’s condition.
To understand how each standard applies these methods and limits in detail, refer to the dedicated standard pages below.
ASTM E1155 defines FF/FL values to evaluate general warehouse floors where vehicles move freely in all directions, providing a statistical assessment of overall surface quality.
TR34 Free Movement classification sets limits for general warehouse areas with unrestricted vehicle movement.
Defined movement standards apply to warehouse areas where vehicles operate along fixed paths, such as very narrow aisle (VNA) systems, requiring significantly tighter and more controlled tolerances. Standards including TR34, VDMA, and ACI (Fmin) classify floors based on precise measurements taken along wheel tracks and across aisles.
These classifications ensure that the floor meets strict operational requirements and provides measurable, verifiable performance. The evaluation involves detailed calculations at each measurement point, producing clear compliance results.
For a deeper understanding of the criteria, methods, and classifications used by each standard, explore the detailed explanations in the links below.
ACI 117 introduces the Fmin method for evaluating floor flatness in defined movement areas, particularly narrow-aisle warehouse systems.
TR34 Defined Movement (VNA) sets strict tolerances along wheel tracks for guided warehouse operations.
VDMA 24994 defines strict floor tolerance criteria for very narrow aisle systems in high-bay warehouses.
Our advanced measurement technologies and engineering methods
Detaily understand the flatness standards like ASTM, TR34 and VDMA
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